Sri Lanka Travel Guide

Overview

Capital:

Colombo.

Geography:

Sri Lanka is an island off the southeast coast of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is separated from India by the Indian Ocean, in which lies the chain of islands called Adam's Bridge. Sri Lanka has an irregular surface with low-lying coastal plains running inland from the northern and eastern shores. The central and southern areas slope into the hills and mountains ranges of the Central Highlands. The highest peak is Pidurutalagala, which reaches an altitude of 2,524m (8,281ft).

The country’s coast consistx mainly of beaches and bays, with rocky cliffs in the northeast and southwest. Due to the southwestern location of the mountain range, precipitation is heavily weighted towards this area, with the the northern and eastern parts fall in the rain shadow of the Central Highlands. The wettest parts of the country in the south and west receive around 4,000mm of rainfall annually. There are two major national parks, in the northwest and southeast, designated as such to protect the immense biodiversity of the country’s wildlife.

Getting There

Getting There By Air

The national carrier, Sri Lankan Airlines (www.srilankan.lk), operates direct flights from London, Paris and Frankfurt. Many tourists choose to divert to Sri Lanka en-route to India and, as a result, several carriers offer direct flights between the countries. Travelling from North America to Sri Lanka usually involves a stop in the Middle East.

Flights are most expensive between December and March, which is high season on the south coast beaches and in the Hill Country, while August tends to be the cheapest time to fly.

Major airports are: Colombo Bandaranaike Airport and Hambantota Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport.

Departure Tax

None.

Flight Times

From London - 10 hours 30 minutes; New York - 19 hours (including stopover).

Getting There By Water

The main ports in Sri Lanka are Colombo, Galle, Hambantota, Kankasanthurai, Point Pedru and Trincomalee. There is currently no public ferry service operating to Sri Lanka (routes to India have started and stopped over the years).

Getting Around

Getting Around By Air

Domestic air services around Sri Lanka are limited, and most tourists travel by either road or train. You can arrange charter flights with FitsAir (www.fitsair.com), Cinnamon Air (www.cinnamonair.com) or Simplify (http://simplifly.com).

Bike

Cycling in the cities is inadvisable, but in rural areas bikes are becoming increasingly common. There are four National Cycle Trails. Most bike hire agencies are concentrated in Colombo and Negombo.

Breakdown Services

The Automobile Association of Ceylon (www.aaceylon.lk) offers a national breakdown service.

Car Hire

This is available from several international agencies, including Hertz, Dollar and Thrifty, which are available through local partner Andrew The Car Rental Company (tel: +94 11 2369 836, http://andrewrentacarsrilanka.com). Air-conditioned minibuses are also available, and you can hire motorised rickshaws in towns and villages. Chauffeur-driven cars are less expensive and recommended. To hire a car, you must have a valid driving licence and be 18 or over.

Coach

The cheapest and most fun way to get around Sri Lanka is by bus. There are two types - public and private. Long-distance public buses are atmospheric and packed with chattering locals, though they can be crowded. For a guaranteed seat, consider a private coach company of which they are many in Sri Lanka. The National Transport Commission (www.ntc.gov.lk) publishes timetables and major routes include Colombo to Kandy, Colombo to Matara and Colombo to Jaffna. Once you're in a town or city, tuk-tuks are available for hire. As the destination name can be long and hard to pronouce, write it down on a piece of paper instead.

Departure Tax

Included in the fare.

Documentation

In order to avoid bureaucratic formalities in Sri Lanka, you should obtain an International Driving Permit before departure. If not, you can obtain a temporary licence on presentation of a valid national driving licence. This must be endorsed at the AA office in Colombo.

Getting Around By Rail

Trains connect Colombo with all tourist towns, but first-class carriages, air conditioning and dining cars are available on only a few. You can buy tickets online from Sri Lanka Railways (www.railway.gov.lk). Fast services operate on the major routes, including an intercity express service between Colombo and Kandy.

A popular train route is from Kandy to Ealla, or the other way around, as it passes through lush tea plantations and offers spectacular mountain views. The journey takes about seven hours.

Regulations

Most roads are tarred, with a 56kph (35mph) speed limit in built-up areas and 75kph (45mph) outside towns. The minimum age for driving a car is 18.

Getting Around By Road

Sri Lanka has a widespread road network, which accounts for nearly 95% of land transport across the country. Driving tends to be erratic, and most travellers either employ a locally knowledgeable driver or use public transport.

Road Classification

E-class roads are high-speed expressways, while A-class roads represent the national highway network. B-class and C-class roads tend to be smaller and of varying quality.

Road Quality

The quality of the country's road varies. The main coastal arteries are modern and well-maintained, while many of the mountain roads can be pockmarked with holes. Roadworks are common, demonstrating the island's increasing prosperity and its commitment to infrastructure development.

Side Of Road

l

Taxi

These have yellow tops and red and white plates. In Colombo, taxis are metered but it's advisable to agree a rate before setting off. Drivers expect a 10% tip. A cheaper and more authentic option is to flag down a tuk-tuk - these open rickshaws are available for hire in abundance across the country.

Urban Travel

The Sri Lanka Transport Board runs public buses in Colombo, where there are also private buses and minibuses. Fares are generally collected by conductors, and you can expect services to be crowded.

Getting Around By Water

There is no official river transport network, but several tour operators offer river cruises on the Bentota and Polwatta rivers.

Travel Advice

Before you travel

No travel can be guaranteed safe. Read all the advice in this guide. You may also find it helpful to: 

• see general advice for women travellers
• read our guide on disability and travel abroad
• see general advice for LGBT+ travellers
• read about safety for solo and independent travel
• see advice on volunteering and adventure travel abroad

Travel insurance

If you choose to travel, research your destinations and get appropriate travel insurance. Insurance should cover your itinerary, planned activities and expenses in an emergency.

About FCDO travel advice

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) provides advice about risks of travel to help you make informed decisions. Find out more about FCDO travel advice.

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This information is for people travelling on a full 'British citizen' passport from the UK. It is based on the UK government's understanding of the current rules for the most common types of travel.

The authorities in Sri Lanka set and enforce entry rules. If you're not sure how these requirements apply to you, contact the Sri Lankan High Commission in the UK.

Passport validity requirements

To enter Sri Lanka, your passport must have an 'expiry date' at least 6 months after the day you arrive.

Check with your travel provider that your passport and other travel documents meet requirements. Renew your passport if you need to. 

You will be denied entry if you do not have a valid travel document or try to use a passport that has been reported lost or stolen.

Visa requirements

You need a visa to visit Sri Lanka. Tourist visas are normally valid for 30 days. If you overstay your visa the police could issue a fine or detain you. Follow the guidelines for tourists issued by Sri Lanka's Immigration and Emigration department.

Applying for a visa

You should apply for a Sri Lanka 'Electronic Travel Authorisation' (ETA) online, at least a few days before departure. You should get your approval notice within 24 hours, and you can use this to enter Sri Lanka.  If you want to extend your visa, contact the Immigration and Emigration department.

You do not need a visa if you're travelling through Sri Lanka by air, as long as the connecting flight is within 24 hours of your arrival. Check with your airline about transit times.

Vaccine requirements

To enter Sri Lanka, you must have a certificate to prove you've had a yellow fever vaccination if you're coming from a country listed as a transmission risk.

For full details about medical entry requirements and recommended vaccinations, see TravelHealthPro's Sri Lanka guide.

Customs rules

There are strict rules about goods you can take into or out of Sri Lanka. You must declare anything that may be prohibited or subject to tax or duty.

Taking money into Sri Lanka

Most major banks allow Visa and Mastercard cash withdrawals. There are ATMs in major towns and cities, but not all accept international cards.

You cannot transfer money without an exchange control permit issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.  

This guide also has safety advice for regions of Sri Lanka.

Terrorism 

There is a high threat of terrorist attack globally affecting UK interests and British nationals, including from groups and individuals who view the UK and British nationals as targets. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times.

UK Counter Terrorism Policing has information and advice on staying safe abroad and what to do in the event of a terrorist attack. Find out how to reduce your risk from terrorism while abroad.

Terrorism in Sri Lanka

Terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka cannot be ruled out.

Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places visited by foreign nationals and tourists such as:

• hotels
• bars, restaurants and night clubs
• beaches
• tourist sites
• places of worship
• large public gatherings, including major events, public holidays, religious occasions

Avoid crowded public places. Stay aware of your surroundings at all times, keep up to date with local media reports and follow the advice of local authorities.

The conflict in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories has led to heightened tensions around the world. Terrorist groups such as Al-Qaida and Daesh, have called on their supporters to carry out terrorist attacks in response to the conflict. The conflict could also motivate individuals to carry out attacks.

Terrorist attacks could target Jewish or Muslim communities, or the interests of Israel and its allies. Attacks could also be indiscriminate and occur without warning.

On Easter Sunday in April 2019, more than 250 people, including 8 British nationals, were killed in terrorist attacks against 3 churches and 3 hotels in Sri Lanka: in Colombo, Negombo and in Batticaloa.

Political and economic situation

Protests and demonstrations can happen anywhere across the island at short notice, and can become violent. Security authorities may use water cannons and tear gas to control protesters.

Large-scale protests in 2022 resulted in violence and loss of life. Movement around the island was difficult due to restrictions such as curfews and roadblocks. 

Avoid demonstrations, political protests or large gatherings. Monitor local media and sign up to get email notifications when this advice is updated.

Crime

Protecting yourself and your belongings

There's been an increase in incidents of low-level opportunistic crime. Store your belongings as safely as possible to avoid thefts from hotels and guesthouses. Minimise the number of personal items you carry with you. 

On the street, criminals may ride past on mopeds or motorbikes and try to snatch your bag. Take care of your passport and money by keeping them in a body-belt. Carry bags on the side of you that is furthest from the road and do not place bags in the front basket of bicycles.

Violent crimes against foreigners are rare. Gun crime is not uncommon, but usually it is due to a dispute between different criminal groups.

Bank card fraud

Bank card fraud is common.

Fraudsters can steal your card details without you noticing. Use ATMs inside banks or hotels if possible, and check ATMs on the street for signs of tampering. Keep cards in sight when paying in shops and restaurants. Read more about how to avoid bank card fraud.

Drink spiking

Be alert to the possible use of 'date rape' and other drugs including GHB.

Do not take drinks from strangers or leave your drinks unattended. Victims of spiked drinks have been robbed and sometimes assaulted. Alcohol and drugs can reduce your vigilance, making you less in control. If you drink, know your limit. Drinks served in Sri Lanka are often stronger than in the UK as bars and hotels rarely use measures.

Sexual assault

Women continue to report incidents of verbal and physical harassment by men, ranging from sexually suggestive or lewd comments to physical advances and sexual assaults.

Incidents can happen anywhere, but the majority of reported cases take place in crowded areas including:

• markets
• bus and railway stations, or on buses
• sporting events
• tourist sites

Take care when travelling alone or in small groups and consider carrying a personal alarm.

Laws and cultural differences 

Personal ID

You must always carry your passport as an official form of identification. A copy is usually acceptable, but in some situations you may have to produce the original at a police station within a specified time limit.

Alcohol laws and bans

Police could fine you if you ignore notices prohibiting alcohol in certain public areas.

Alcohol is not usually available on religious holidays. Drinking in public on these days could be culturally insensitive. Check locally for dates of religious holidays when this applies.

Smoking and e-cigarette bans

Police could fine you if you ignore 'no smoking' signs in certain public areas.

Detention and prison sentences

There are severe penalties for drug offences, terrorism and all other serious crimes. The authorities could hold you without charge indefinitely. If convicted, you may face a lengthy prison sentence.

If you're arrested under Sri Lanka's Prevention of Terrorism Act, the authorities could detain you without charge awaiting a trial date. 

Using cameras, binoculars and drones in secure areas

Do not fly drones near, use binoculars to look at, or take photographs of:

• military bases
• government buildings
• vehicles used by VIPs

Check how to register and operate drones with Sri Lanka's Civil Aviation Authority.

LGBT+ travellers

Same-sex sexual activity is illegal, but we are not aware of any prosecutions.

Read more advice for LGBT+ travellers.

Dress codes

Nude or topless sunbathing is not allowed.

If you enter a Buddhist temple:

• cover your legs and shoulders
• take off shoes and hats

Religion

Disrespecting Buddhist images and artefacts, or making offensive remarks about religion, is a serious offence and can lead to arrest. If you have visible tattoos of Buddha, you can be refused entry to Sri Lanka or face deportation. Do not pose for photographs standing in front of a statue of Buddha.      

Wildlife

Some Sri Lankan animals can be dangerous. If in doubt, follow advice from authorised guides or your travel operator. Wild elephants and crocodiles will attack humans on occasion. Venomous insects and snakes are found in many parts of the country – though not common in populated areas.

Feral dogs are common and sometimes carry rabies.

Outdoor activities and adventure tourism 

Swimming safety

Many beaches in Sri Lanka have dangerous surf or rip tides at certain times of the year. Get advice from your hotel or tour operator before going in the sea.

See water safety on holiday from the Royal Life Saving Society.

Transport risks 

Road travel 

If you are planning to drive in Sri Lanka, see information on driving abroad. Tourists can hire cars, tuk tuks and motorbikes to drive. If you hire a vehicle, check that the company you rent the vehicle from is registered with the Sri Lanka Tourist Board and has a 'Safe & Secure' certificate. You should also:

• have appropriate insurance
• ensure that the vehicle is roadworthy before you start your journey

You need a 1949 international driving permit (IDP) and a Sri Lankan 'recognition permit' to drive a hire vehicle.

You cannot buy an IDP outside the UK, so get one before you travel. Take your UK driving licence and your IDP along with 2 passport photos to:

They will verify your documents and issue a recognition permit. Your hire car company will usually help with this.

Road safety

Some roads, particularly in more remote areas, may be in poor condition. Driving is erratic and there are frequent road accidents, particularly at night. Stay alert for pedestrians and animals on busy roads. Riding a motorbike can be especially dangerous.

If you have a collision, stay at the site of the accident with your vehicle as long as it is safe to do so. If it is not safe or if you feel threatened, report to a local police station.

There are still security checkpoints on main roads in parts of the country. Follow the instructions of the police or army officers on duty. Security forces have opened fire on vehicles that have not stopped when asked. Roads around government and military sites in Colombo are often closed for security reasons, such as access for VIP convoys.

Buses

Public buses are often driven fast, rarely give way and are often poorly maintained leading to serious bus accidents in recent years. Tourist buses are usually driven more professionally and safely, but standards can vary.

Taxis

You can book taxis using local and international taxi apps. There is less availability outside tourist areas. Motorised rickshaws ('tuk-tuks') are available for hire in towns and villages. Agree a price before you set off or look for one with a working meter.

There are occasional reports of harassment, particularly of women travellers at night. Change to a different tuk-tuk or taxi if you have any concerns about the driver or their standard of driving.

Rail travel

When travelling by train, make sure you stay within the train carriage while the train is moving. There have been fatal accidents when visitors have hung out of open doorways or windows of trains. Take care of your personal possessions at all times. There have been incidents of theft and pickpocketing.

Sea travel

You need prior permission to enter Sri Lankan waters and the security zones in coastal areas.

The threat of piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean remains significant. The combined threat assessment of the international Naval Counter Piracy Forces is that all sailing yachts under their own passage should stay out of the designated High Risk Area or face the risk of being hijacked and held hostage for ransom.

See more advice on staying safe when travelling abroad by sea.

Extreme weather and natural disasters

Find out what you can do to prepare for and respond to extreme weather and natural hazards.

Monsoon

Monsoon rains can cause flooding in many places in Sri Lanka. Floods can cause widespread displacement of people, injuries and occasional deaths. Heavy rains and landslips can also lead to road closures and affect local transport links.

Monitor Sri Lanka's Disaster Management Centre and the Sri Lankan Department of Meteorology for updates and follow local advice.

Tropical cyclones

There is a risk of tropical cyclones. Monitor Sri Lanka's Disaster Management Centre and the World Meteorological Organization for updates.

Northern Sri Lanka

There is a visible military presence across the north. Follow local advice and instructions from the security forces and take seriously warning signs about landmines.

Jaffna Peninsula

Operations to clear mines continue, particularly in the heavily mined area towards Elephant Pass. However, apart from High Security Zones, there is free movement.

Kilinochchi, Mullaitivu, Mannar and Vavuniya

There is a visible military presence. There was severe war damage to property throughout the northern region, so accommodation options and infrastructure are limited. Follow any local advice about signs warning of mined areas.

Eastern Sri Lanka

De-mining and clearance operations are ongoing in parts of east Sri Lanka. There are several areas, primarily former military and police locations, that continue to be marked as minefields. Follow the instructions of the local security forces and look out for signs warning of landmines. Do not leave the roads or cleared footpaths and, if in any doubt, contact the local security authorities for advice.

Before you travel check that: 

• your destination can provide the healthcare you may need
• you have appropriate travel insurance for local treatment or unexpected medical evacuation

This is particularly important if you have a health condition or are pregnant. 

Emergency medical number 

Call 1990 and ask for an ambulance.

Alternatively, contact the Accident Service at Colombo General Hospital on 011 269 1111.

 Contact your insurance company quickly if you're referred to a medical facility for treatment. 

Vaccine recommendations and health risks 

At least 8 weeks before your trip:

• check the latest vaccine recommendations for Sri Lanka
• see where to get vaccines and whether you have to pay on the NHS travel vaccinations page

See what health risks you'll face in Sri Lanka, including:

• Zika virus
• dengue

Altitude sickness is a risk in parts of Sri Lanka. Read more about altitude sickness on TravelHealthPro. 

Medication 

The legal status and regulation of some medicines prescribed or bought in the UK can be different in other countries. 

Read best practice when travelling with medicines on TravelHealthPro. 

Healthcare in Sri Lanka 

Emergency medical treatment outside main cities is not readily available and you may have to be brought to Colombo for treatment. Treatment in private hospitals can be expensive and the options for repatriation to the UK or neighbouring countries in an emergency are limited and very expensive. Make sure you have adequate travel health insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment abroad and repatriation. 

FCDO has a list of medical providers in Sri Lanka where some staff will speak English. 

Travel and mental health 

Read FCDO guidance on travel and mental health. There is also mental health guidance on TravelHealthPro. 

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) cannot provide tailored advice for individual trips. Read this travel advice and carry out your own research before deciding whether to travel. 

Emergency services in Sri Lanka 

Ambulance: 011 2691111 or 1990 

Fire and Rescue: 111 

Police: 118/119 

Emergency Police Mobile Squad: 011 5717171 

Tourist Police: 011 2421052 

Contact your travel provider and insurer 

Contact your travel provider and your insurer if you are involved in a serious incident or emergency abroad. They will tell you if they can help and what you need to do. 

Refunds and changes to travel 

For refunds or changes to travel, contact your travel provider. You may also be able to make a claim through insurance. However, insurers usually require you to talk to your travel provider first. 

Find out more about changing or cancelling travel plans, including: 

• where to get advice if you are in a dispute with a provider
• how to access previous versions of travel advice to support a claim

Support from FCDO 

FCDO has guidance on staying safe and what to do if you need help or support abroad, including: 

• finding English-speaking lawyers or funeral directors in Sri Lanka
• dealing with a death in Sri Lanka
• being arrested or imprisoned in Sri Lanka
• getting help if you're a victim of crime
• what to do if you're in hospital
• if you're affected by a crisis, such as a terrorist attack

Contacting FCDO 

Help abroad  

See how to get help from the UK government abroad including in an emergency. 

Help in the UK  

You can call  FCDO in London if you need urgent help because something has happened to a friend or relative abroad.  

Telephone: 020 7008 5000 (24 hours)  

Find out about call charges 

Get travel advice updates  

Sign up to get email notifications when this travel advice is updated.  

Follow FCDO: 

• travel advice on X
• travel advice on Facebook

Risk information for British companies  

The Overseas Business Risk service offers information and advice for British companies operating in Sri Lanka on how to manage political, economic, and business security-related risks.

Vaccinations

Title	Special Precautions
Hepatitis B	Yes
Yellow Fever	No*
Typhoid	Yes
Tetanus	Yes
Rabies	Sometimes
Malaria	Sometimes
Hepatitis A	Yes
Diphtheria	Sometimes

Overview:

Treatment is free at government hospitals and dispensaries whilst 24-hour treatment is available at Colombo National Hospital. Some hotels also have doctors. However the quality of healthcare varies widely across the country, and in the more rural areas, can be rather rudimentary compared to Western standards. Visitors are advised to take out comprehensive travel insurance before travelling. To call an ambulance in an emergency, dial 110.

Vaccinations Note:

* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age arriving from an infected area.

Food Drink:

All water should be regarded as being potentially contaminated. Water used for drinking or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. While it is generally safe to gargle with tap water after brushing your teeth, those with a sensitive stomach may consider using bottled water for that. Bottled water and a variety of mineral waters are available at most hotels. Pasteurised milk is available in some hotels and shops; powdered or tinned milk is also widely available.

Street food in Sri Lanka is ubiquitous but use your judgement wisely and only eat well-cooked meat and fish, and avoid those that have been left sitting out. Beware of eating salads - vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

Other Risks:

Vaccinations against Japanese B encephalitis, tuberculosis and hepatitis B are sometimes recommended.

Cases of dengue fever have been reported, so visitors should avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. Anti-malarial tablets are generally not needed as there is low incidence malaria throughout Sri Lanka, with the most northern parts being slightly more at risk from outbreaks.

As of 2019, no cases of the Zika virus have been reported in Sri Lanka.

Currency Information:

Sri Lanka Rupee (LKR; symbol Rp) = 100 cents. Notes are in denominations of Rp5,000, 2,000, 1,000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20 and 10. Coins are in denominations of Rp10, 5, 2 and 1, and 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cents. There are also large numbers of commemorative coins in circulation.

Credit Cards:

MasterCard and Visa are widely accepted. American Express is also often accepted. The tourist board urges caution when paying by credit card due to the potential for fraud.

ATMs:

ATMs are widely available, although not all will accept international cards and those who do impose a fee for every transaction. There is also transaction limit, usually between Rp40,000 and Rp60,000.

Travellers Cheques:

Traveller's cheques are often not accepted so are not recommended.

Banking Hours:

Mon-Sat 0900-1300. Some city banks close at 1500, some even have night-time banking facilities.

Currency Restrictions:

Currency Exchange:

Foreign currency can be changed at authorised exchanges, banks and hotels. It is best to exchange your currency while you are in the country and ask for notes in smaller denominations (below Rp500).

Currencies

Code	Symbol
LKR	Rp

Exchange Rates

100.12

156.15

185.28

149.43

Language

The major languages spoken are Sinhala and Tamil. English is spoken by around 10% of the population, and a further small minority speak Portuguese Creole, a hangover from colonial times.

Overview:

Public holidays are listed here.

.

List Of Public Holidays

Title	Start Date	To Be Confirmed
New Year's Day	2025-01-01 00:00:00	0
Duruthu Full Moon Poya Day	2025-01-13 00:00:00	0
Tamil Thai Pongal Day	2025-01-14 00:00:00	0
National Day	2025-02-04 00:00:00	0
Navam Full Moon Poya Day	2025-02-12 00:00:00	0
Mahashivratri	2025-02-26 00:00:00	0
Medin Full Moon Poya Day	2025-03-13 00:00:00	0
Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan)	2025-03-31 00:00:00	0
Bak Full Moon Poya Day	2025-04-12 00:00:00	1
Good Friday	2025-04-18 00:00:00	0
Labour Day	2025-05-01 00:00:00	0
Vesak (Buddha's Birthday)	2025-05-12 00:00:00	0
Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)	2025-06-07 00:00:00	0
Poson Full Moon Poya Day	2025-06-10 00:00:00	1
Esala Full Moon Poya Day	2025-07-10 00:00:00	1
Nikini Full Moon Poya Day	2025-08-08 00:00:00	1
Milad un Nabi (Birth of the Prophet Muhammad)	2025-09-05 00:00:00	0
Binara Full Moon Poya Day	2025-09-07 00:00:00	1
Vap Full Moon Poya Day	2025-10-06 00:00:00	1
Diwali (Festival of Lights)	2025-10-20 00:00:00	0
Il Full Moon Poya Day	2025-11-05 00:00:00	1
Unduvap Full Moon Poya Day	2025-12-04 00:00:00	1
Christmas Day	2025-12-25 00:00:00	0

Note:

(a) Muslim festivals are timed according to local sightings of various phases of the moon and the dates given below are approximations. During the lunar month of Ramadan that precedes Eid al-Fitr, Muslims fast during the day and feast at night and normal business patterns may be interrupted; however, since Sri Lanka is not a predominantly Muslim country restrictions (which travellers may experience elsewhere) are unlikely to cause problems.

(b) Hindu and Buddhist festivals are declared according to local astronomical observations and it is not possible to forecast the date of their occurrence exactly.

Overview:

Sri Lanka duty-free allowance (non-residents):

The following items may be imported into Sri Lanka by visitors over 18 years of age without incurring customs duty:
• 2 bottles of wine and 1.5L of spirits.
• A small quantity of perfume and 250ml of eau de toilette.
• Souvenirs up to US$250 in value.

• Personal clothing and other essentials.

There is no duty-free allowance for tobacco products. You must declare valuable items such as cameras and laptops on arrival and must take these out of the country again when you leave.

Sri Lanka duty-free allowance (residents):

The following items may be imported into Sri Lanka by Sri Lankans over 18 years of age without incurring customs duty:
• 2.5L of spirits and 2L of wine (concession is granted once within a period of 365 days).
• Up to US$125 of personal items annually if the period abroad is less than 90 days.
• Up to US$500 of personal items annually if the period abroad is between 90 to 365 days.
• Up to US$1,000 of personal items annually if the period abroad is above 365 days.

.

Banned Imports:

Non-prescription drugs and pornography.

Telephone:

Phone cards are available at post offices and shops and public payphones are a common sight throughout the country.

Mobile Telephone:

Mobile usage is much more common than landlines, and it is possible to buy a Sri Lankan sim card which can then be topped up from any local vendors. Roaming agreements exist with some international mobile phone companies. Coverage in the south and west is good; in the north and east it is average.

Internet:

There are internet cafés in most towns and resorts. Whilst internet coverage is generally good, the same cannot be said for speeds, with many connections going via slower dial-up services rather than broadband.

Post

Overseas mail usually takes 10 to 14 days.

Post Office Hours:

Mon-Fri, 0830-1700, and Sat, 0830-1300.

Media:

The diverse press is divided along linguistic and ethnic lines. Many broadcasters and publications are state-owned. The Daily News is a state-run English-language daily newspaper, whilst the Daily Mirror is a private English-language daily newspaper, as is The Island. Lankadeepa is a private Sinhala daily and Uthayan is a private Tamil-language daily.

There are various state and privately-run television and radio stations available. In terms of television, Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (SLRC) is a state-owned network that operates two channels, Rupavahini and Channel Eye, whilst private English-language stations include MTV and TNL. With regards to radio, Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) is a state-owned network that operates services in Sinhala, Tamil and English. Privately owned English radio stations include TNL Rocks, Sun FM and Yes FM.

Wander around Sigiriya Rock Fortress

Be amazed by Sri Lanka's best-known attraction, UNESCO-listed Sigiriya Rock Fortress. This stunning fifth-century palace-fortress perches atop a towering rock outcrop above the plains in the country's centre. Steps lead up from water gardens below and past murals of heavenly nymphs.

Watch wildlife in Udawalawe National Park

Spy on Sri Lanka's abundant wildlife (much of which is found nowhere else on Earth) in this spectacular national park. Birdwatching is superb, and as well as the famous elephants there are also leopards, deer, bears, wild boar, porcupines and monkeys to see.

Take a hike in Knuckles Range

Shaped like a giant fist, this rugged mountain range in the central south of Sri Lanka experiences much cooler temperatures than the rest of the country, making it perfect for hiking. Don your all-terrain boots and head for the hidden village of Meemure, where the villagers will happily lend beds to visitors for a modest fee.

Go on safari in Yala National Park

Explore Sri Lanka's most popular wildlife-viewing destination, Yala National Park, on the southeastern coast. It is home to the world's highest density of leopards, as well as a wealth of other species – from elephants to birds. Another great place to do a bit of leopard spotting is in the Wilpattu National Park.

Discover the reefs of Bentota

The beaches of Bentota might have seen better days, but this is still one of the top places in the country to enjoy diving and snorkelling. Glimpse the country's thriving coral reefs and their myriad multi-hued inhabitants, explore underwater caves and lose yourself among barnacled shipwrecks. Kite-surfing, water-skiing and a host of other water sports are also available here.

Have a cuppa in Ella

This delightful colonial village in the heart of Sri Lanka's Hill Country is a focus for the tea trade. Inhale the fragrant aromas of Victorian-era tea factories, drink their finest and roam the lush tea plantations that extend for miles around. The Nuwara Eliya hill station is also a popular destination.

Visit Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage

This orphanage for Asian elephants is one of the most popular tourism attractions in Sri Lanka, but it's not everyone's cup of tea. Though there are ample opportunities to feed the beasts and watch them bathe in a nearby river, ultimately they are not wild animals and are handled firmly by the resident mahoots.

Watch a game of cricket R. Premadasa Stadium

Cricket is played on every scrap of land in Sri Lanka, but the R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo is probably the best place to catch a few overs. This vast international stadium hosts some of the biggest matches played in the country. It was the setting for the famous 1997 match, when Sri Lanka scored a record 952 runs for 6 wickets against India.

Ride the waves in Talalla

This glorious hidden beach on Sri Lanka's choppy south coast is a mecca for surfers. Other top spots with an international reputation include Hikkaduwa, Midigama and Arugam Bay (near Potuvil) on the east coast. Across the best time to go surfing is from April through to October, although on the south west coast the months between November and April can be equally as good.

Get active in Kitulgala

Sri Lanka's adventure capital is tucked away amid the ravines of the hill country. It offers an array of activities for adrenaline junkies, including kayaking, mountain biking and rainforest trekking. For a real rush, book yourself onto a beginner level or advanced white-water rafting experience on the wild Kelani River.

Bask on Sri Lanka’s many Beaches

Sri Lanka has roughly 1,600km (1,000 miles) of beautiful palm-shaded beaches, and Negombo – conveniently close to the airport – boasts one of the best. Other popular resorts include Beruwela, Bentota, Mount Lavinia and Hikkaduwa. Meanwhile Unawatuna near Galle claims to be among the top 15 beaches in the world. The beaches of the south are less populated and often more beautiful, but be aware that swimming can be dangerous in many areas.

Kick back in Kandy

Visit Kandy, a picturesque town that was the last stronghold of the Kandyan Kings. It is now a cultural sanctuary where age-old customs, arts, crafts, rituals and ways of life are well preserved. Its fabulous UNESCO-listed Temple of the Tooth (also known as Sri Dalada Maligawa) shelters the sacred tooth relic of the Buddha. Kandy hosts the annual Esala Perahera, an annual festival featuring parades of glittering elephants, dancers and drummers.

Imbibe city life in downtown Colombo

In Colombo, root out bargains in the Pettah market, marvel at the blossoms in the Vihara Maha Devi Park between March and early May, and sample the offerings of some of the country's best restaurants. Vel Festival, which takes place during July and August in the capital, is also spectacular.

Marvel at Dambulla Cave Temples

These impressively conserved temples are a unique insight into Sri Lanka's Buddhist heritage. Tucked away beneath a massive rocky outcrop, they shelter an extensive collection of religious murals and exquisite Buddhas in a variety of positions. The views are fabulous too.

Walk atop Galle Fort

Ramble around coastal ramparts, colonial villas and atmospheric streets in the striking Dutch fort of Galle, another UNESCO World Heritage Site. Perhaps the most atmospheric of Sri Lankan towns, cobbled streets are lined with colonial villas and hotels. Its literary festival is one of the best in Asia. Galle is also a centre for crafts that include lace making, ebony carving and gem polishing.

Pay a visit to Buddha at Polonnaruwa

See the huge reclining Buddha at Polonnaruwa, an ancient capital and another UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its remains of royal palaces, temples and stupas. It also has the superb Polonnaruwa museum, one of the country's best.

Explore ancient Anuradhapura

Wonder at the extraordinary civilization that ruled from the ancient capital of Anuradhapura thousands of years ago. Its majestic remains testify to an advanced city carefully planned and filled with beautiful palaces, temples and giant stupas.

Climb Adam’s Peak

Sri Lanka's highest mountain is deeply ingrained in Sri Lankan folklore. Also known as the Sacred Footprint – because of an indentation at the summit said to belong to Adam (of Adam and Eve fame) – Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims and Christians all consider it a holy place and a popular pilgrimage site, with over 5,000 steps to the top.

Go diving around Pigeon Island

Off the northeastern shore of Sri Lanka, this island is surrounded by a limestone reef which harbours 100 species of coral and more than 300 different types of fish. Declared a marine sanctuary in 1963, it's a prime destination for divers… and pigeons.

Watch whales off Mirissa

This southern port town would be just another tropical beach resort - were it not for the pod of blue whales recently discovered living just offshore. Now Mirissa is rightly famous as one of the best places in the world to spot the biggest mammal of them all. Whale watchers often see sperm whales, dolphins, flying fish and even orcas too.

Overview

Bustling markets, designer boutiques, modern shopping malls and gloriously kitsch souvenir stalls - whatever your holiday shopping style, Sri Lanka has it covered. Colombo boasts the most westernised shopping environment, with several elite arcades housed in five-star hotels as well as large stores around Galle Road, Paradise Road and Alexandra Place. Ambalangoda and Galle Fort are particularly famous for antiques, while the narrow streets of Pettah Bazaar make for colourful exploring. Most towns outside Colombo have daily markets, which sell everything from succulent fresh fruit to hand-woven fabrics and traditional dress.

Special purchases include handicrafts and curios of silver, brass, bone, ceramics, wood and terracotta. Also cane baskets, straw hats, reed and coir mats, spices and the island's excellent tea. Batik fabric, lace and lacquerware are also popular. Masks used in dance-dramas, processions and festivals can also be bought: they can depict kings, queens, demonic birds and snake spirits amongst other things. Sri Lanka is also rich in gems. Fabrics include batiks, cottons, rayons, silks and fine lace.

Haggling is common practice here, particularly when shopping in a bazaar or buying from one of the local handicraft sellers who roam the tourist beaches. If you're prepared to negotiate, it's possible to pick up some incredible bargains on antiques, gems and garments - but you'll need to have an eye for a genuine piece. Always check before buying gemstones to ensure the dealer has a licence from the government National Gem & Jewellery Authority.

Opening Hours

Mon-Fri 0900-1730, Sat 0900-1300.

Overview

Whether it's a home-cooked curry or a gourmet resort dinner, Sri Lankan cuisine is a treat for the taste buds. Flavours are exactly what you would expect from a nation at the historic trade junction between India and Southeast Asia, with abundant use of Indian spices and seasonings from China and other parts of Asia.

Fish and seafood feature heavily on menus, and coconut and coconut milk crop up prominently in many dishes. Rice is the centre of most meals. Roti (flatbread, like Indian naan) and appam (hoppers) – pancakes made from a rice and coconut milk batter – are also a staple. Curries typically have more chilli than in India, and often include coconut. Maldive fish – sun dried tuna – is another popular local ingredient.

Locals generally have richly spiced dishes for breakfast, but Western breakfasts are widely available. Street food is delicious, but to avoid stomach upsets, use your judgement wisely and only eat well-cooked dishes. Steer clear of unpeeled fruit and salads, ice and ice cream if necessary.

While you can ask for cutlery, it's fun to join the locals and eat with the fingertips of your right hand. Avoid eating with your left hand as it is considered unclean.

Regional Specialities

Tipping

Most hotels include a 10% service charge. Elsewhere tipping is optional, but appreciated; around 10% is appropriate.

Drinking Age

21.

Hotels

It used to be that Sri Lanka’s accommodation, while wide-ranging, didn’t offer much in the way of sophistication. However the country’s accommodation offering has rocketed since the end of the war in 2009, as more and more tourists began to visit the island, and options now range from five-star retreats such as Geoffrey Bawa’s Heritance Kandalama hotel and the shabby chic allure of Talalla Retreat, to the low-budget backpacker shacks which, other than being cheap, have little to recommend them. Of the international-class 5-star hotels that exist, these are mostly located in the area around Negombo and along the southern coast near Galle. There are also many park bungalows run by the Department of Wildlife Conservation, which are furnished and equipped for comfort.

Grading: Hotels are classified from 1 to 5 stars.

Camping Caravaning

Sri Lanka does not currently have any campsites. Technically there's no law against wild camping so long as you're on public land; however in practice this is difficult to prove. Additional considerations such as the possible hassle from strangers, lack of security and the odd creepy crawlie getting into the tent, should also be considered.

Other

History

Woven through Sri Lanka’s absorbing history is a story of strife between the country’s two biggest ethnic groups: the Buddhist Sinhalese and the Hindu and Muslim Tamils. Almost every ancient site has two conflicting legends surrounding it, and historians often struggle to distinguish fact from myth. What is generally agreed is that Buddhism arrived on the island in the 3rd century BC, reputedly carried here by the son of the Indian emperor Ashoka.

The earliest Sri Lankan civilisation was based around the city of Anuradhapura, which still endures as an atmospheric ruin, along with its successor city, Polonnaruwa. The collapse of Polonnaruwa after more than two centuries saw Sinhalese power shift to the southwest of the island, creating a cultural split with the largely Tamil coastal settlements in the north, who looked to India for guidance.

This historical division survived the colonising attempts of the Portuguese, Dutch and British, and continued through WWII and independence from British colonial rule in 1948. Increasing centralisation of power within the Sinhalese community and marginalisation of Tamils led to riots in the 1950s and ultimately civil war. By the early 1980s the Sinhalese government were locked in a seemingly endless cycle of violence with the rebel organisation that came to be known as the Tamil Tigers.

A long-awaited deal between Sri Lanka's government and the rebel Tamil Tigers (LTTE) was concluded in early 2002, but fighting became much more serious in 2006 and much of the country became no-go areas for tourists, particularly the Tamil heartland in the north of the island. In 2009, the government escalated their offensive, and succeeded in killing the leader of the LTTE, Velupillai Prabhakran, bringing 26 years of conflict to an end.

Since then, peace has endured, but allegations persist of civilian massacres and human rights violations by both sides, but particularly by government forces, in the final years of the conflict. Many international politicians have called for an independent enquiry into war crime allegations, and this may finally materialise with the change of leadership from the militaristic Mahinda Rajapaksa to the more conciliatory Maithripala Sirisena.

Still, this vibrant little island has proved adept at bouncing back from adversity. Over a decade on from the Boxing Day tsunami in 2004, which killed more than 30,000 people across the country and destroyed many coastal towns, the country is powering ahead of the rest of the region both socially and economically. With tourism booming and infrastructure expanding, the future of Sri Lanka looks bright.

Did you know?
• Though Sri Lankans are mad about cricket, the national sport is actually volleyball.
• Cinnamon originally comes from Sri Lanka and is used in many local dishes.
• Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon until 1972.

Religion

The majority of the Sinhalese population practises Buddhism (70%). Minority religions include Hinduism (almost exclusively practised by the Tamil population), Christianity, with the majority denomination being Roman Catholic (around 6% of the population as opposed to 0.8% who are Anglicans) and Islam (practised by around 10% of the population).

Social Conventions

Shaking hands is the normal manner of greeting, and it is also common to see people greet by bringing both hands together and saying "Ayubowan" which means "have a long life" when they first meet with someone. It is customary to be offered tea when visiting and considered impolite to refuse. Punctuality is always appreciated, although it may not be reciprocated as the concept of time is a little loose. If visiting someone's home, or place of business, bring a small gift is appreciated.

When visiting Buddhist temples, modest clothing should be worn (don't show bare legs and upper arms). Shoes and hats must be removed when entering places of worship too.

Jackets and ties are not required by men except for formal functions when lightweight suits should be worn. Women may choose a dress or opt for a blouse with a shirt or pair of toursers.

Expect a significant amount of head waggling which can mean yes, no or maybe.

Public displays of affection between couples are frowned upon while public nudity and homosexuality are illegal.

Best Time To Visit:

Sri Lanka’s climate is tropical and consists of distinct wet and dry seasons. Generally speaking, the coastal areas of Sri Lanka enjoy temperatures averaging 28°C (82°F) while the upland areas are cooler and more temperate, with a yearly average around 16-20°C (60-68°F). The best time to visit Sri Lanka depends on where you go.

The best time to visit the southwest region of Sri Lanka
The best time to visit the southwest region of Sri Lanka is from December to April. During this time, the weather is warm; the city of Galle on the southwestern tip enjoys an average high of 29°C (84°F) for example. However, the Yala monsoon brings abundant rainfall to the southwest region from May to September, and to November in some coastal cities.

The best time to visit the northeast region of Sri Lanka
The best time to visit the northeast region of Sri Lanka is from May to September. The sun-drenched Trincomalee, a port city on the northeast coast of Sri Lanka, enjoys a balmy temperatures of 30°C (86°F) with little rain during this period. However, the Maha monsoon affects Sri Lanka’s northeast region from October to January.

The best time to visit Colombo
Sri Lanka’s largest city is hot, wet and humid year-round. The city receives abundant rainfall from April to May, then again from September to November. In terms of temperatures, Colombo enjoys an average high of 30°C (87°F) and an average low of 24°C (75°F) year round.

The best time to visit Kandy and the central hill region
Kandy is a major tourist destination in the Central Province, a mountainous area of Sri Lanka. Sitting at an elevation of 500m (1,600ft), Kandy is considerably cooler than the coastal regions of Sri Lanka with temperatures averaging between 23-26°C (73-79°F) year-round. Rainfall is expected throughout the year, but it tends to be heavy in October and November. The best time to visit Kandy is from January to March as the weather is mild and the rainfall is at its lowest.

Please note that there is also an inter-monsoonal period in October and November during which rain and thunderstorms occur frequently across the island. So always pack an umbrella with you.

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Required Clothing

The weather in Sri Lanka can be unpredictable during any season so depending on where in the country you're going, it's best to take layers. The central highlands can be significantly cooler throughout the year, so you'll need warmer clothes here. Lightweight rainwear is also recommended any time of year.

Dialing Code:

+94

Area(sq km):

65610

Population:

21.413.249

Population Density(per sq km):

335

Population Year:

2020

EU Member:

No

Main emergency number

110